Of the three great monotheistic religions, Judaism is the oldest of the other two major monotheistic religions –
Christianity and
Islam; except in the case of
Zoroastrianism. Christianity really an extension of the story of the Hebrews because the founder and his disciples were Jewish.
Hebrew Sacred Texts
The
Hebrew, actually what the
language is known as are the Jewish people, have a strong belief in one true God who is the creator, ruler of this world and the entire universe who knows everything and sees everything. He has revealed the sacred laws of Jews in the
Torah and has chosen Hebrews (Jews) and those that follow those laws and preserves the Torah and history has come to know them as the
Chosen People or as
Mohammed, the founder/prophet of Islam called them: “
The People of the Book". But the first issue to discuss refers to that holy book, the sacred texts of
Judaism and use it in the proper terminology used to describe the 38 books that make up the Hebrew Canon (Bible), referred to as the
Old Testament. However, this is not entirely true and has been a point of a theological discussion and argument since the inception of Christianity and Islam. And as mentioned in the
title page, archaeology has been a significant aid in constructing the past in human history, and validating what scholars and historians have written about in the course of examining theological history and philosophy.
The Hebrew Scriptures are: (1)
Genesis, (2)
Exodus, (3)
Leviticus, (4)
Numbers, (5)
Deuteronomy, (6)
Joshua, (7)
Judges, (8)
Ruth, (9)
First Samuel, (10)
Second Samuel, (11)
First Kings, (12)
Second Kings, (13)
First Chronicles, (14)
Second Chronicles, (15)
Ezra, (16)
Nehemiah, (17)
Esther, (18)
Job, (19)
Psalms, (20)
Proverbs, (21)
Ecclesiastes, (22)
Song of Solomon, (23)
Isaiah, (24)
Jeremiah, (25)
Lamentations, (26)
Ezekiel, (27)
Daniel, (28)
Hosea, (29)
Joel, (30)
Amos, (31)
Obadiah, (32)
Jonah, (33)
Micah, (34)
Nahum, (35)
Habakkuk, (36)
Zephaniah, (37)
Haggai, and (38)
Malachi. The
Apocryphal or
Deuterocanonical books are not in the Hebrew Bible, but can be found in the Catholic and Protestant bibles. The New Testament concerns
Jesus of Nazareth, his life and his teachings, and is not found in the Hebrew Canon.